准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷八道湾组一段沉积微相特征——以TX1井区为例          下载免费PDF全文

刘晓丽 《沉积与特提斯地质》2021,41(1):100-105

通过岩石学、沉积学及测井等方法,对准噶尔盆地TX1井区侏罗系八道湾组一段进行详细研究,认为侏罗系八道湾组一段主要发育复成分砾岩、砾状砂岩及砂岩,煤夹层;沉积构造发育,兼具水上及水下沉积的特点,发育粒序层理、中大型交错层理及冲刷充填、植物枝干印模等沉积构造;测井上具箱型、漏斗型、指状、线性等响应。沉积相纵向上逐渐向盆地边缘退积演化,其中三角洲平原亚相在2~5砂组较为发育,以辫状分流河道及河道间的河漫沼泽沉积为主,前缘亚相在1砂组较为发育,以水下分流河道及支流间湾沉积为主。辫状河三角洲前缘水下分流河道微相是最有利的储集相带,孔渗结构较优,原油含水率低;辫状河三角洲平原分流河道微相次之,其储层非均质性强,原油含水率较高。  相似文献   

一次强飑线过程极端大风的中尺度分析          下载免费PDF全文

沈杭锋  方桃妮  蓝俊倩  翟国庆  苏涛 《气象学报》2019,77(5):806-822

利用常规气象观测资料、区域自动气象站加密观测资料和GFS 0.25°×0.25°逐6 h的分析场数据以及多普勒雷达、风廓线等资料,通过背景形势场分析、物理量诊断分析和中尺度分析,对2018年3月4日发生在华东地区的强飑线天气过程进行了诊断分析。结果表明,这次过程具有发生时间(季节)早、移速快、范围广、致灾强等特点,是一次比较少见的早春(冬末)十分强烈的飑线天气过程,是在高空急流辐散区、低空西南急流轴前端、低涡南侧的暖区中发展起来的。飑线过程的地面要素变化十分剧烈,地面有强冷池,与飑线前暖空气之间构成了强的水平温度梯度,致使飑线强度更强;飑线经过时气压涌升所形成的雷暴高压、强气压梯度以及飑线的快速移动均有利于地面极端大风的出现。飑线发展过程中观测到弓形回波、超级单体等强天气系统。中高层动量下传和光滑湖面、喇叭口、狭管效应等特殊地形对于大风的增强效应比较显著,这些因素也加剧了地面极端大风的形成。   相似文献   

智能网格预报产品在大兴安岭暴雪天气中的释用分析     

王付华  李博  王梅  陆忠涛 《黑龙江气象》2019,36(2):1-3

本文利用MICAPS4.1平台上的高空、地面、智能网格预报、集合预报等数值预报产品,对2018年10月26-28日发生在黑龙江省大兴安岭地区的一次区域性暴雪天气过程形成机制进行探讨。结果表明:高空槽后强冷空气与槽前西南暖湿气流在大兴安岭上空交汇,导致暖锋锋生,地面暖锋与低空暖式切变相互作用形成暴雪天气。暴雪的主要触发系统就是超极地冷空气促使高空槽强烈发展切涡,≥20m·s^-1的西南低空急流作为水汽输送带,为暴雪区提供了充足的水汽来源;垂直上升运动中心和散度辐合辐散中心耦合且加强,为暴雪提供了强有力的动力抬升条件,有利于上升运动的增强发展。智能网格预报产品对这次大兴安岭暴雪天气的落区、降水量级以及强降雪的时段,都预报的比较准确。  相似文献   

冷空气强风在大型城市中的精细结构和形成机制     

向杰勋  陈桂兴  姜平  吴乃庚  温之平 《大气科学》2019,43(3):577-597

地面强风可直接造成人员伤亡和经济损失,严重影响出行安全、工农业生产等社会秩序。强风的发生与天气系统和复杂下垫面的共同作用密切相关,在城市区域尤为明显。受数值模拟技术和计算资源的限制,对实际天气条件下大范围城区的强风现象进行建筑物分辨率的大规模数值模拟研究仍是一个挑战。本研究利用中尺度气象模式嵌套流体计算动力模式的超高分辨率局地气象预报系统,对强冷空气过程造成广州市区的一次强风事件进行数值模拟,深入探讨强风的精细结构和形成机制。结果表明,伴随着强冷空气入侵,广州市区的平均风速和风场高频扰动均明显增强,且在城市冠层顶尤为明显,呈现区域不均匀的三维结构,数值模拟与地面观测相一致。较大范围的强风速和阵风主要出现在建筑物较为低矮的老城区上空,并持续影响下游河道等开阔区域。在高层建筑密集的新城区,虽然整体风速明显减弱,但能在平行风向的街道狭管和下游区域形成局地强风。特别是,超高层建筑群引起显著的垂直环流,导致强风扰动向下传播,造成最大风速达8 m s?1的地面局地强风,阵风指数接近2。上游建筑群引起的风场扰动呈现大尺度湍流结构,能沿着平均气流传播影响数公里之远的下游地区。当风场扰动经过广州塔等单体超高层建筑时,可在其两侧绕流区再次加强,形成局地强风。局地强风和阵风还出现在垂直于风向排列的沿江高层建筑群的侧边,与建筑屏风的阻挡效应和缺口溢出有关。研究结果促进认识城市强风的时空特征和物理机制,有助于提升城市气象的精细化预报水平。  相似文献   

天山北坡2次暴雪过程机理分析     

庄晓翠  李健丽  李博渊  李如琦 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2019,13(1):29-38

利用FNL及常规资料,对比分析了2010年2月22—24日(过程Ⅰ)和2015年12月10—13日(过程Ⅱ)天山北坡2次暴雪过程。结果表明,暴雪区上空θse锋区陡立和条件性对称不稳定及次级环流是形成暴雪的主要机制。不同点是:过程Ⅰ暴雪产生在西西伯利亚低涡底部强锋区上,南北支短波槽汇合的区域,冷高压为西北路径;过程Ⅱ是乌拉尔山大槽东移北收,冷高压为偏西路径;2次过程在温压的时间演变上有显著的区别。在高低空配置上也有明显的区别:过程Ⅰ 500 hPa以下为暖平流,以上为冷平流,低层为暖湿结构;过程Ⅱ 700 hPa以下为冷平流,700—600 hPa为暖平流,低层有湿冷空气锲入。过程Ⅰ暴雪区位于θse锋区上,锋区低层强,中高层弱;过程Ⅱ暴雪区位于θse锋区中后部,锋区低层弱,中高层强。水汽输送和输入量及比湿过程Ⅰ大于过程Ⅱ。  相似文献   

Early Cambrian high pressure/low temperature metamorphism in the southeastern Tarim craton in response to circum-Gondwana cold subduction     

《地学前缘(英文版)》2023,14(4):101561

The circum-Gondwana subduction initiated by the early Cambrian has been suggested to reflect the establishment of the modern plate tectonics. The metamorphic rocks with low thermobaric (T/P) ratios indicative of cold subduction in the present tectonic regime have not been well investigated. To better understand the circum-Gondwana subduction and to test its possible link with the emergence of the modern plate tectonics, this study focused on blueschist-facies metamorphic rocks in the Altyn Tagh of the southeastern Tarim craton. Mineral assemblage and chemistry, phase equilibrium modelling, and quartz-in-garnet Raman elastic geobarometry reveal that the zoisite blueschist and glaucophane (Gln)-bearing quartz schist in northern Altyn Tagh were metamorphosed to lawsonite to epidote blueschist-facies at 520–545 °C and 16–19 kbar. It reflects high-pressure (HP)/low temperature (LT) metamorphism with low T/P ratios of <300 °C/GPa and thermal gradients of <10 °C/km. These blueschist-facies metamorphic rocks underwent rapid decompression starting at P-T conditions of <495 °C and <9.6 kbar during exhumation. Ar-Ar geochronology records paragonite Ar-Ar plateau ages of 520–506 Ma for the zoisite blueschist samples and phengite Ar-Ar plateau ages of 522–516 Ma for the Gln-bearing quartz schist samples, suggesting that the peak HP/LT metamorphism occurred prior to ca. 522 Ma. Based on new results and available data from the major Gondwana blocks, cold subduction was suggested to profoundly operate along circum-Gondwana in the early Cambrian after the amalgamation of Gondwana. The extensive circum-Gondwana subduction represents the earliest global cold subduction in Earth’s history associated with the establishment of the modern plate tectonics, as directly recorded by the studied early Cambrian blueschist-facies metamorphic rocks and a dramatic drop in the mean T/P of metamorphism since the early Paleozoic.  相似文献   

青岛近海物理-生物地球化学过程及其生态响应     

韦钦胜  王保栋  姚庆祯  于志刚  傅明珠  孙俊川  许博超  谢琳萍  辛明 《海洋学报(英文版)》2019,38(2):11-23

近些年来，夏季黄海浒苔大规模暴发，并在青岛近岸海域大面积聚集，引起了广泛的关注。本文基于在夏季和冬季所获得的多学科调查资料，重点研究了青岛近海的水文-生物地球化学过程及其生态影响，阐明了该海域物理-化学-生物等多参数之间的耦合响应。研究显示，夏季黄海冷水团的边界可扩展至青岛近岸海域，并在局部涌升至上层水体，形成沿岸上升流；该上升流可对上层营养盐产生一定的补充，进而促进浮游植物的繁殖，并于底层海域对应形成溶解氧（DO）和pH的低值。夏季青岛近海的上升流可能还有利于随南风漂移至此的浒苔的生长，并在一定程度上引起浒苔的局地旺发；同时，夏季该海域特定的锋面系统对浒苔聚集的影响也不容忽视。冬季黄海暖流在苏北浅滩外侧向山东半岛南部海域延伸，扩展至青岛近海的暖水舌与近岸低温水之间的锋面特征明显，而且在向岸暖水与近岸冷水间还对应形成了明显的营养盐和叶绿素（Chl-a）锋面。该项研究从多学科交叉的视角，增进了对青岛近海物理、化学和生物过程之间耦合关系的认识。  相似文献   

Fire‐induced changes in soil water repellency increased fingered flow and runoff rates following the 2004 Huelva wildfire     

Arturo J. P. Granged  Antonio Jordán  Lorena M. Zavala  Gema Bárcenas 《水文研究》2011,25(10):1614-1629

Water repellency (WR) from fire‐affected soils can affect infiltration processes and increase runoff rates. We investigated the effects of fire‐induced changes in soil WR and the related soil hydrological response after one of the largest wildfires in Spain in recent years. The vertical distribution of WR in soil profiles was studied under oak and pine forests and the wetting pattern was analysed after rainfall simulations (85 mm h^?1 during 60 min). After burning, the persistence of WR in soils under oaks increased in the upper 0–5 cm of soil in comparison with pre‐fire WR, but no significant changes were observed under pines. After a fire, WR was stronger and the thickness of the water‐repellent layer increased in soils under pines in the upper 0–16 cm of soil. The hydrophobic layer was thinner under oaks, where no strong to extremely water‐repellent samples were observed below 12 (in burnt soils) and 8 cm (in unburnt soils). Uniform wetting was observed through soil depth in burnt and unburnt soils under oaks, as a consequence of the prevailing matrix flux infiltration. Water was mostly stored in the upper few centimetres and soil became rapidly saturated, favouring a continuous rise in the runoff rate during the experiments. Moisture profiles under pines showed a heterogeneous wetting pattern, with highly irregular wetting fronts, as a result of wettable and water‐repellent three‐dimensional soil patches. In this case, runoff rates on burnt plots increased in relation to unburnt plots, but runoff generation reached a steady state after 25–30 min of simulated rainfall at an intensity of 85 mm h^?1. Rainfall water infiltrated over a small part of the ponded area, where the vertical pressure of the water column overcame the WR. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

The influence of water retention curve hysteresis on the stability of unsaturated soil slopes     

Kuo‐Chen Ma  Yih‐Chi Tan  Chu‐Hui Chen 《水文研究》2011,25(23):3563-3574

Hysteresis is a common feature exhibited in hydraulic properties of an unsaturated soil. The movement of wetting front and the hysteresis effect are important factors which impact the shear strength of the unsaturated soil and the mechanics of shallow landslides. These failures are mainly triggered by the deepening of the wetting front accompanied by a decrease in matric suction induced by infiltration. This research establishes a method for determining a stability analysis of unsaturated infinite soil slopes, integrating the influence of infiltration and the water retention curve hysteresis. Furthermore, the present stability analysis method including the infiltration model and the advanced Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion calculates the variations of the safety factor (FS) in accordance with different slope angle, depth and hydrological processes. The experimentally measured data on the effect of hysteresis are also carried out for comparison. Numerical analyses, employing both wetting and drying hydraulic behaviour of unsaturated soil, are performed to study the difference in soil‐water content as observed in the experiments. The simulating approximations also fully responded to the experimental data of sand box. The results suggest that the hysteresis behaviour affect the distribution of soil‐water content within the slope indeed. The hysteresis made the FS values a remarkable recovery during the period of non‐rainfall in a rainfall event. The appropriate hydraulic properties of soil (i.e. wetting or drying) should be used in accordance with the processes that unsaturated soil actually experience. This method will enable us to acquire more accurate matric suction head and the unsaturated soil‐shear strength as it changes with the hysteretic flow, in order to calculate into the stability analysis of shallow landslides. An advanced understanding of the process mechanism afforded by this method is critical to realizing a reliable and appropriate design for slope stabilization. It also offers some immediate reference information to the disaster reduction department of the government. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

2015年台风“彩虹”过境后下山冷急流引起的南海北部海域异常海面降温   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

石雨鑫  谢玲玲  郑全安  张书文  李明明  李君益 《海洋学报(英文版)》2019,38(5):62-75

This study deals with a unusual cooling event after Typhoon Mujigea passed over the northern South China Sea(SCS) in October 2015. We analyze the satellite sea surface temperature(SST) time series from October 3 to 18,2015 and find that the cooling process in the coastal ocean had two different stages. The first stage occurred immediately after typhoon passage on October 3, and reached a maximum SST drop of –2℃ on October 7 as the usual cold wake after typhoon. The second stage or the unusual extended cooling event occurred after 7d of the typhoon passage, and lasted for 5d from October 10 to 15. The maximum SST cooling was –4℃ and occurred after 12d of typhoon passage. The mechanism analysis results indicate that after landing and moving northwestward to the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau(YGP), Typhoon Mujigea(2015) met the westerly wind front on October 5. The lowpressure and positive-vorticity disturbances to the front triggered meridional air flow and low-pressure trough,thus induced a katabatic cold jet downward from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP) passing through the YGP to the northwestern SCS. The second cooling reached the maximum SST drop 4d later after the maximum air temperature drop of –9℃ on October 11. The simultaneous air temperature and SST observations at three coastal stations reveal that it is this katabatic cold jet intrusion to lead the unusual SST cooling event.  相似文献